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Inducing vascular normalization: A promising strategy for immunotherapy.

Xin Luo1, Wei Zou1, Zhonghong Wei2

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Targeting abnormal tumor blood vessels through vascular normalization can enhance anti-tumor immunity. This approach focuses on endothelial cell metabolism to improve immunotherapy effectiveness in solid tumors.

Keywords:
Anti-tumor immunityCell metabolismCombination therapyDrug deliveryEndothelial cellVascular normalization

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Solid tumors exhibit abnormal vasculature, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that hinders immune cell infiltration.
  • Aberrant tumor vascular structure and function negatively impact drug delivery, metastasis, and anti-tumor immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of aberrant tumor vasculature on cancer progression and immune evasion.
  • To explore vascular normalization as a therapeutic strategy, focusing on endothelial cell metabolism.
  • To elucidate the interplay between endothelial cells and immune cells via metabolic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing current evidence on tumor vasculature, vascular normalization, and immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of the role of endothelial cell metabolism in angiogenesis and immune regulation.
  • Discussion of the feedback loop between vascular normalization and immunotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal tumor vasculature impedes immune cell infiltration and reduces treatment efficacy.
  • Vascular normalization strategies target signaling pathways, angiogenesis-related genes, and metabolic pathways.
  • Endothelial cell metabolism is crucial for angiogenesis and influences immune cell function within the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting abnormal endothelial metabolism to achieve vascular normalization offers a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
  • Vascular normalization can enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by improving the tumor immune microenvironment.
  • This approach provides a new theoretical basis for combining vascular normalization with immunotherapy.