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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I01:26

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities I

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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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Respiratory volumes are crucial metrics, meticulously measured to quantify the air exchanged in and out of the lungs during various phases of the breathing cycle. These precise measurements are vital for assessing lung function, diagnosing respiratory conditions, and monitoring overall respiratory health. Each parameter provides specific insights into the mechanics of breathing and the functional capacity of the lungs.
Tidal Volume (TV) Tidal volume (TV) is the air inhaled or exhaled in a...
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

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The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
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There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
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Lung volume changes during apnoeas in preterm infants.

Vincent D Gaertner1, Andreas D Waldmann2, Peter G Davis3,4,5

  • 1Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland vincent.gaertner@usz.ch.

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|August 29, 2022
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Summary

Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in preterm infants helps maintain lung volume during apnoeas. This method shows better oxygen saturation and heart rate stability compared to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).

Keywords:
intensive care units, neonatalneonatologyrespiratory medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal respiratory support
  • Mechanical ventilation
  • Pulmonary physiology

Background:

  • Mechanisms of non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) in preterm infants remain unclear.
  • Understanding lung volume dynamics during apnoeas is crucial for optimizing respiratory support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lung volume changes during apnoeas in preterm infants receiving nHFOV versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).
  • To evaluate the impact of these ventilation modes on cardiorespiratory parameters post-apnoea.

Main Methods:

  • Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) data from a randomized crossover trial of 30 preterm infants (26-34 weeks postmenstrual age) were analyzed.
  • Apnoeas (≥10 seconds) were identified, and end-expiratory lung impedance (EELI) and tidal volumes (VT) were calculated.
  • Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate (HR) were monitored for 60 seconds post-apnoea.

Main Results:

  • During apnoeas, oscillatory volumes were detectable with nHFOV, and EELI decreased significantly but recovered post-apnoea.
  • Tidal volumes increased on the first breath after apnoea during nCPAP.
  • Greater falls in SpO2 and HR were observed after apnoeas during nCPAP compared to nHFOV.

Conclusions:

  • Apnoeas lead to decreased lung volume, which is partially recovered by subsequent breaths, influenced by tidal volume.
  • nHFOV demonstrates a protective effect against significant post-apnoea drops in SpO2 and HR compared to nCPAP.
  • Transmitted oscillations during nHFOV may contribute to improved cardiorespiratory stability during apnoeas in preterm infants.