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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Ureters01:22

Ureters

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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
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Massive Ureterolithiasis.

Safwan Zaman1, Rohan Mangal2, Thor S Stead3

  • 1Biology, Trinity Preparatory School, Winter Park, USA.

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|August 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A 40-year-old male presented with flank pain due to a 12 mm ureteropelvic stone. This case highlights diagnosis and treatment options for ureteropelvic junction stones.

Keywords:
emergency medicinekidney stonesmassive ureterolithiasispassinguterus

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Ureteropelvic junction stones are a common cause of flank pain.
  • Timely diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications.

Observation:

  • A 40-year-old male presented with acute left-sided flank pain.
  • A 12 mm stone was identified at the ureteropelvic junction.

Findings:

  • Parenteral analgesia was administered for pain management.
  • Hospital admission for urology consultation was arranged.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of prompt evaluation for flank pain.
  • Discusses current treatment strategies for ureteropelvic junction stones in clinical practice.