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Descriptive Study of Pericarditis Outcomes in Different Etiologies and Risk Factors: A Retrospective Record Review

Waddah Y Ashram¹, Sedrah K Talab², Ruba M Alotaibi²

¹Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.

|August 30, 2022

Insights

This study found idiopathic pericarditis is the most common cause, with malignancy significantly linked to serious complications. Further research into pericarditis etiologies and risk factors is warranted.

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Infectious Diseases
Oncology

Background:

Pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, has diverse causes including infections and non-infectious conditions.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a potential cause of pericarditis.
Understanding the incidence and risk factors of various pericarditis etiologies is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incidence of different pericarditis causes at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.
To identify risk factors associated with pericarditis, including post-COVID-19 vaccination.
To analyze demographic and clinical characteristics of pericarditis patients.

Main Methods:

A retrospective study of patients diagnosed with pericarditis between 2012 and 2022.
Data collection from medical records, including demographics, medical history, and diagnostic tests (ECHO, ECG).
Statistical analysis using univariate and bivariate methods to identify associations.

Main Results:

Acute pericarditis was diagnosed in 89.1% of patients, with chest pain and shortness of breath as primary symptoms.
Idiopathic pericarditis was the most frequent etiology (46.9%), followed by infections.
Malignancy was significantly associated with cardiac tamponade (50% of cases).

Conclusions:

Idiopathic pericarditis is the leading cause of pericarditis.
A strong link exists between malignancy and severe pericarditis complications.
Further investigation into pericarditis causes, including post-vaccination effects, is necessary.

Read full analysis

Abstract

Background:

Pericarditis is an inflammatory pericardial disorder that can be caused by several infectious and non-infectious illnesses. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was recently added to the long list of pericarditis causes. As a result, this study aims to look at the incidence of various etiologies of pericarditis, including post-COVID-19 vaccine and risk factors, at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:

Between 2012 and 2022, all male and female patients diagnosed with acute, chronic, or constrictive pericarditis at the King Abdulaziz University Hospital clinic were included in this retrospective study, which took place in June 2022. Data were collected from the hospital's medical records, including the patient's demographic information, pericarditis history, medical history, social background, laboratory tests, Echocardiogram (ECHO) and electrocardiogram (ECG) readings, and medication history. Associations were tested using univariate and bivariate analysis.

Results:

Acute pericarditis was diagnosed in 59 (89.1%) patients and the most common symptoms were chest pain and shortness of breath (SOB) followed by fever and cough.Idiopathic pericarditis was the primary etiology 30 (46.9%) with male predominance 25 (55.6%), followed by infections and then cardiac presenting primarily with chest pain 25 (83.3%). In comparison, the most common presentation in females was autoimmune, as seen in eight patients (42.1%). Most patients required aspirin, ibuprofen, and colchicine. Among outcomes, of a total of 64 patients, five died within 30 days. Moreover, four (7.5%) experienced subsequent cardiac tamponades, which was mainly due to malignancy (50%) (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

There was a substantial relationship between malignancy and developing morbid complications, with 59 patients out of 64 getting acute pericarditis and the remainder chronic and constrictive pericarditis with idiopathic pericarditis being the leading causes.

Keywords:

cardiac tamponade chest pain idiopathic pericarditis pericardial effusion pericardial friction rub pericarditis post-covid-19

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