The gut microbiome and depression: a review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Microbiology
• Psychiatry

Background:

• The gut microbiome plays a role in chronic physical and mental health disorders.
• The relationship between the gut microbiome and depression is not fully understood.
• This review examines scientific data on the gut microbiome in healthy individuals versus those with depression.

Approach:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Clinical Key.
• Key search terms included 'gut,' 'microbiome,' 'bacteria,' and 'depression.'
• 76 relevant human and animal studies were identified and reviewed.

Key Points:

• Depression is associated with significant alterations in gut bacterial phyla.
• A 'leaky gut' may contribute to neuroinflammation implicated in depression.
• Probiotic and prebiotic interventions show promise for improving gut and mental health.
• Antibiotics can negatively impact the gut microbiome.

Conclusions:

• Direct communication exists between the gut microbiome, brain function, and depression.
• Antibiotics can disrupt the gut microbiome.
• Findings have implications for psychiatric interventions and treatment enhancement for depression.