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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

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Tuning Electrospray Ionization with Low-Frequency Sound.

Yi-Wun Wang1, Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu1, Chun-Yao Hsu1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.

Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
|August 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low-frequency sound modulates electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) by deflecting microdroplets, enhancing biomolecular analysis. This technique improves signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio, and selectivity in ESI-MS.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomolecular Analysis
  • Mass Spectrometry

Background:

  • Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is crucial for biomolecular analysis.
  • ESI-MS relies on the formation and desolvation of polydisperse microdroplets to generate gas-phase ions.
  • Controlling microdroplet properties is key to optimizing ESI-MS performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of low-frequency sound on electrospray microdroplets in ESI-MS.
  • To explore sound-induced size segregation of microdroplets for improved biomolecular analysis.
  • To enhance signal intensity, signal-to-noise ratio, and selectivity in ESI-MS.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized low-frequency sound (50-350 Hz) to modulate electrospray microdroplets.
  • Analyzed biomolecules using sound-modulated ESI-MS.
  • Supported ESI-MS observations with offline shadowgraph imaging at various sound parameters.

Main Results:

  • Low-frequency sound deflects electrospray microdroplets, leading to partial size segregation.
  • Sound modulation alters MS signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio.
  • The technique impacts the selectivity of ESI-MS analysis for biomolecules.

Conclusions:

  • Low-frequency sound modulation is a viable method to control microdroplet behavior in ESI-MS.
  • Sound-induced size segregation offers a novel approach to optimize ESI-MS performance.
  • This technique provides enhanced control over biomolecular analysis via ESI-MS.