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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

2D and 3D Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Models to Dissect Primary Cilium Involvement during Neocortical Development
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Human stem cell models to study placode development, function and pathology

Eleonora Conti1, Oliver Harschnitz1

  • 1Neurogenomics Research Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157 Milan, Italy.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|August 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Human pluripotent stem cells offer a scalable model to study embryonic placode development. This approach helps uncover human-specific mechanisms in placode formation, function, and disease.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Stem cell biology
  • Human embryology

Background:

  • Placodes are crucial embryonic structures derived from rostral ectoderm.
  • They form diverse tissues like the anterior pituitary and cranial sensory ganglia.
  • Placode development is largely studied in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recapitulation of human placode development using pluripotent stem cells.
  • To highlight the utility of stem cells as an in vitro model.
  • To identify human-specific developmental, functional, and pathological mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into placode progenitors and derivatives.
  • Utilizing these cells as a scalable in vitro platform.
  • Comparative analysis with existing animal model data.

Main Results:

  • Human pluripotent stem cell differentiation effectively models placode development.
  • This platform allows for scalable study of human placode progenitors.
  • Potential to uncover human-specific developmental pathways and disease mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells provide a valuable in vitro system for studying placode development.
  • This model facilitates the identification of human-specific mechanisms in placode formation and pathology.
  • Enables deeper understanding of congenital disorders affecting placode-derived structures.

Keywords:
Developmental neurobiologyDisease modellingPlacodeStem cellshPSCs

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