Survey of U.S. based veterinarians' knowledge, perceptions and practices about canine giardiasis

Giardia spp. is a protozoal parasite capable of causing diarrhea in mammals. Certain Giardia assemblages are potentially zoonotic. As part of a public health study, a questionnaire-based cross-sectional web survey was distributed among U.S. small and mixed animal veterinarians to assess the perceived prevalence, the preferred testing and treatment methods, the recommended control measures, and the information communicated about the zoonotic potential of canine giardiasis. Between February and June 2021, over 123 veterinarians from 31 U.S. states participated in the survey. 77% of surveyed veterinarians indicated that they are aware of the prevalence of canine giardiasis in their areas of practice. 52% of veterinarians reported that they test all symptomatic dogs for Giardia, while 42.4% test dogs only some of the time. The preferred confirmatory tests were in the following order: commercial diagnostic lab > in-clinic SNAP® Test > in-clinic Direct Smear > in-clinic Fecal Flotation > state/university diagnostic lab. Several combinations of tests are frequently used to confirm diagnosis. Although there are no labelled products available for treating canine giardiasis in the U.S., 54% of respondents preferred using both fenbendazole and metronidazole simultaneously, 15% reported using fenbendazole only, and 20% reported using metronidazole only. 77.0% of respondents indicated they have dealt with treatment refractory cases often or rarely. 92.6% of veterinarians reported mentioning environmental control to pet owners sometimes or always, which included bathing the infected pet, cleaning toys/bowls/bedding, cleaning floors, and bathing other pets. 73.6% of veterinarians communicated to their clients that Giardia was potentially zoonotic. There are conflicting opinions on the importance of zoonotic transmission between humans and canines available to the general veterinary practitioner. Given that children are at a higher risk of developing Giardia infections, it is important for veterinarians to preserve the health of canine companions to protect their human owners. Thus, the contributions of veterinarians in managing canine giardiasis within the framework of One Health initiatives should not be overlooked.