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Examining reaction time variability on the stop-signal task in the ABCD study.

Jeffery N Epstein1,2, Sarah L Karalunas3, Leanne Tamm1,2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|August 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Reaction time variability (RTV) in children was analyzed using computational models. Findings reveal how these models clarify time-on-task effects and sex differences in reaction times (RTs).

Keywords:
attentional fluctuationsdrift diffusionex-Gaussianintraindividual variabilityreaction timesex differencesvigilance

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Reaction time variability (RTV) is crucial for understanding cognitive function.
  • Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and diffusion models (DM) are used to estimate RTV.
  • Limited research exists on interrelationships among these RTV indices in childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Examine interrelationships among Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and DM parameters of RTV in children.
  • Investigate temporal patterns and sex differences in RTV using computational models.
  • Clarify mechanisms underlying time-on-task effects and sex differences in reaction times (RTs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized trial-level data from the stop-signal task in 8,916 children (9-10 years old).
  • Analyzed Gaussian, ex-Gaussian, and DM indicators of RTV.
  • Examined interrelations among indicators, temporal patterns, and sex differences.

Main Results:

  • No direct one-to-one correspondence between DM and ex-Gaussian parameters was found.
  • Drift rate correlated most strongly with RT standard deviation and tau; nondecisional processes with RT, mu, and sigma.
  • Performance declined over time due to decreasing drift rate; boys were faster and less variable than girls.

Conclusions:

  • Intercorrelations among model parameters in children mirror adult findings.
  • Computational models are vital for understanding performance changes and group differences.
  • Standard RT models may misinterpret sex differences in processing speed.