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Different Associations of Systolic Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index With Cardiac Structure and Function in Young

Yujian Wu1, Zhuoyan Li1, Bowen Du1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Cardiology (Yujian Wu, Z.L., B.D., H.W., Y.N., S.C., Yurong Wu, J.W., K.S.), Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|August 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and excess weight (body mass index, BMI) impact children's cardiovascular health. At age 4, both factors are linked to heart changes, with BMI more closely related to heart structure than SBP.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Health in Children
  • Pediatric Obesity and Hypertension

Background:

  • Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and excess weight are risk factors for early cardiovascular organ damage in children.
  • Investigating the distinct associations of SBP and body mass index (BMI) with cardiovascular structure and function in young children is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the associations of SBP and BMI with cardiovascular structure and function in 4-year-old children.
  • To determine if SBP or BMI has a stronger impact on pediatric cardiovascular parameters at this early age.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1474 children (52.3% males) from the Shanghai Birth Cohort underwent physical examination and echocardiography.
  • Standardized linear regression models were employed to analyze the associations between BMI Z-score, SBP Z-score, and various cardiovascular parameters.

Main Results:

  • Elevated SBP was associated with increased heart rate and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and fraction shortening.
  • BMI Z-score was linked to increased LV mass index and risk of LV hypertrophy, but negatively associated with systolic function measures.
  • No significant interactions were found between BMI and SBP regarding cardiovascular effects.

Conclusions:

  • Both elevated BMI and SBP are associated with cardiac structure and function in children as young as 4 years old.
  • Elevated SBP is linked to increased heart rate and LV ejection early in BP elevation.
  • BMI demonstrates a stronger association with left heart dimensions and geometry compared to SBP.
Abstract

Keywords:
associationblood pressurebody mass indexechocardiographyheart rate

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