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Edson J L Moreira1, Emmanuel J N L Silva1, Felipe G Belladonna1

  • 1Department of Endodontics; Fluminense Federal University (UFF); Niterói; RJ; Brazil.

Brazilian Dental Journal
|August 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Heat treatment of ProFile nickel-titanium instruments enhances cyclic fatigue resistance. However, this improvement comes at the cost of reduced flexibility and buckling resistance, impacting overall mechanical performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Dental Materials

Background:

  • Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments are widely used in endodontics.
  • Understanding the impact of heat treatment on NiTi instrument properties is crucial for clinical success.
  • ProFile instruments are a common type of NiTi rotary files used in root canal preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of two distinct heat treatments on the mechanical performance of ProFile NiTi instruments.
  • To compare the cyclic fatigue, bending, and buckling resistance of heat-treated versus conventional ProFile instruments.

Main Methods:

  • ProFile instruments (size 25, 0.06 taper) underwent heat treatment at 450°C or 500°C in an argon atmosphere.
  • Treated and untreated instruments were subjected to cyclic fatigue, bending, and buckling resistance tests.

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  • Fracture surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.
  • Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls tests.

    • Main Results:

    • Heat treatment at 450°C (yellowish) and 500°C (blueish) altered instrument coloration.
    • Conventional instruments exhibited lower cyclic fatigue but higher bending and buckling resistance.
    • Heat-treated instruments (especially at 500°C) demonstrated increased cyclic fatigue resistance.
    • Conversely, heat-treated instruments showed reduced bending and buckling resistance.

    Conclusions:

    • Heat treatment significantly enhances the cyclic fatigue resistance of ProFile NiTi instruments.
    • The observed improvements in cyclic fatigue resistance are associated with decreased flexibility and buckling resistance.
    • Clinicians should consider the trade-offs between cyclic fatigue and flexibility when selecting heat-treated NiTi instruments.