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Calcium status assessment at the population level: Candidate approaches and challenges
Ziaul H Rana1, Megan W Bourassa1, Filomena Gomes1,2
1The New York Academy of Sciences, New York, New York, USA.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|August 31, 2022
Summary
Assessing population calcium status is difficult, especially in low-income countries. Current methods are insufficient, highlighting the need for better indicators to identify at-risk communities and improve public health.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Public Health
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Inadequate dietary calcium intake is a significant global health issue, particularly impacting low- and middle-income nations.
- Measuring population calcium status is complex due to multifactorial influences like diet, bioavailability, and individual characteristics.
- Existing methods lack standardization for identifying high-risk communities for calcium deficiency diseases such as rickets.
Approach:
- This narrative review evaluated potential biomarkers and methods for assessing population-level calcium status.
- Investigated indicators included dietary assessments, calcium balance studies, hormonal markers, and health outcomes linked to low calcium.
- Examined feasibility for integration into population-based surveys.
Key Points:
- Several promising candidate indicators for population calcium status were identified.
- No single indicator currently demonstrates sufficient suitability for comprehensive assessment.
- Dietary calcium intake, bioavailability, vitamin D status, and genetics influence overall calcium status.
Conclusions:
- Further research and validation are essential to develop reliable indicators for population calcium status.
- Validated indicators are needed for feasible collection in population-based surveys.
- Improved assessment tools will aid in addressing global calcium inadequacy and related health issues.
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