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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Somatosensory Event-related Potentials from Orofacial Skin Stretch Stimulation
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Decoding sounds depicting hand-object interactions in primary somatosensory cortex.

Kerri M Bailey1, Bruno L Giordano2, Amanda L Kaas3

  • 1School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|August 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hearing sounds of hand-object interactions activates the primary somatosensory cortex (SI). This brain region, typically processing touch, shows distinct neural patterns when listening to these sounds, even without physical touch.

Keywords:
SISIIcortical feedbackmulti-voxel pattern analysismultisensory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory processing
  • Cross-modal plasticity

Background:

  • Primary sensory cortices receive contextual influences from within and across modalities.
  • Previous research shows primary sensory areas can process non-target stimuli (e.g., visual stimuli in somatosensory cortex).
  • The somatosensory cortex (SI) has demonstrated discrimination of visual graspable objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) can discriminate sounds depicting hand-object interactions.
  • To determine if auditory stimuli of hand-object interactions elicit distinct neural activity patterns in SI.
  • To explore cross-modal information transmission to primary sensory areas.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment with rapid event-related design.
  • Participants listened to sounds of hand-object interactions, pure tones, and animal vocalizations.
  • Multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to decode sound categories within SI.
  • An independent tactile localizer defined hand-sensitive voxels for further analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant decoding of hand-object interaction sounds was found within SI.
  • Control sound categories (pure tones, animal vocalizations) did not yield significant decoding in SI.
  • Decoding accuracy for hand-object interactions was significantly higher than for pure tones in left SI's hand-sensitive voxels.

Conclusions:

  • Auditory perception of hand-object interactions evokes distinct activity patterns in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI).
  • This occurs even in the complete absence of tactile stimulation, demonstrating cross-modal processing.
  • Primary sensory areas can transmit and process rich contextual information across sensory modalities.