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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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The dorsal...
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The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
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A brainstem map for visceral sensations.

Chen Ran1, Jack C Boettcher1, Judith A Kaye1

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Researchers mapped internal organ representations in the brainstem

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Visceral Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Interoceptive sensory processing principles are less understood than external sensory systems.
  • The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is a key brainstem relay for visceral information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain represents internal organ signals.
  • To understand the organization of interoceptive sensory processing in the NTS.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a two-photon calcium imaging preparation.
  • Studied responses to gut and upper airway stimuli in NTS neurons.

Main Results:

  • Individual NTS neurons are tuned to specific organs and topographically organized.
  • Mechanosensory and chemosensory inputs from the same organ converge centrally.
  • Brainstem inhibition sharpens visceral representations in the NTS.

Conclusions:

  • The NTS forms spatial representations of different organs.
  • Neural inhibition plays a crucial role in organizing visceral sensory information.