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Myocardial development in crocodylians.

Alena Kvasilova1, Martina Gregorovicova1,2, Veronika Olejnickova1,2

  • 1Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.

Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists
|August 31, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The developing crocodylian heart has a rudimentary cardiac conduction system (CCS) similar to homeiotherms, but lacks a distinct Purkinje network. Ventricular development and septation influence impulse propagation patterns.

Keywords:
cardiac conduction systemcrocodile embryoheartoptical mappingseptationvasculogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Development
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The crocodylian heart possesses a rudimentary cardiac conduction system (CCS).
  • Ventricular CCS development is closely linked to heart septation processes.
  • Previous studies suggest similarities between crocodylian and homeiotherm cardiac development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze myocardial development focusing on CCS components in two crocodylian species.
  • To investigate the vascularization patterns during crocodylian heart development.
  • To compare the developing CCS in crocodylians with established models in other vertebrates.

Main Methods:

  • Optical mapping was employed to analyze cardiac electrical activity and impulse propagation.
  • HNK-1 immunostaining was used to identify CCS components.
  • Immunohistochemistry (QH1) was utilized to study vascular development.

Main Results:

  • Pacemaker activity was localized to the sinus venosus, with atrioventricular conduction in the AV canal.
  • Ventricular impulse propagation shifted from trabeculae to the septum during development.
  • Ventricular septation completion correlated with a change in epicardial activation patterns.
  • A distinct Purkinje network was not observed, though HNK-1 positive strands appeared transiently in the septum.
  • Coronary vascularization developed post-septation, with abundant intramyocardial vessels in the left ventricle.

Conclusions:

  • Key CCS components found in homeiotherms are identifiable in developing crocodylian hearts.
  • A Purkinje network, distinct from trabeculae carneae, appears to be absent in crocodylians.
  • Crocodylian ventricular development involves unique adaptations in impulse conduction and vascularization.