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Myocarditis and related complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Atifur Rahman1

  • 1MBBS, FRACP, FCSANZ, Clinical Director, Coronary Care Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Qld; Associate Professor, Griffith University School of Medicine, Southport, Qld; Honorary Adjunct Associate Professor, Faculty of Health science and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Qld.

Australian Journal of General Practice
|September 1, 2022
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Myocarditis and pericarditis, inflammation of the heart muscle and outer lining, are linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines. Early recognition and cardiology consultation are vital for managing these conditions in young individuals.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Myocarditis and pericarditis present diversely and have gained attention due to their association with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • These cardiac conditions have also been reported following mRNA vaccination, leading to public concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical approach to myocarditis and pericarditis.
  • To outline the management of patients with myocarditis in a community setting.
  • To discuss the roles of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical review and synthesis of current literature.
  • Discussion of diagnostic considerations for chest pain in adolescents and young adults.
  • Recommendations for initial diagnostic tests and specialist consultation.

Main Results:

  • Myocarditis and pericarditis should be considered in young patients with acute chest pain, dyspnea, or palpitations.
  • Differential diagnoses for chest pain, including myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism, must be excluded.
  • Initial investigations include electrocardiography, troponin, and C-reactive protein levels.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt consideration of myocarditis and pericarditis is crucial in the differential diagnosis of acute chest pain in young populations.
  • Exclusion of other life-threatening causes of chest pain is essential.
  • Standardized diagnostic workup and cardiology consultation are recommended for suspected cases.

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