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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Advancing translational science education.

Jessica M Faupel-Badger1, Amanda L Vogel1, Christopher P Austin2

  • 1National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Clinical and Translational Science
|September 1, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This communication proposes leveraging translational science expertise to create educational programs for a skilled workforce. It emphasizes distilling key concepts from research to advance translational science education and workforce development.

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Area of Science:

  • Translational Science
  • Scientific Workforce Development
  • Education Strategies

Background:

  • Decades of translational science advances and experiential knowledge offer opportunities for workforce education.
  • Advancement in translational science necessitates novel educational approaches to impart foundational knowledge.
  • Key concepts include generalizable scientific and operational principles and evidence-informed practices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose methods for the scientific community to develop new education opportunities for a translational science workforce.
  • To distill key concepts in translational science from past and ongoing research for educational purposes.
  • To prompt conversation within the translational science community on advancing core content and dissemination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of decades of translational science advances and experiential knowledge.
  • Development of guiding principles for translational science via case studies of successful initiatives.
  • Creation of new education activities to disseminate content to a broad scientific audience.

Main Results:

  • Considerations offered for capitalizing on collective knowledge to develop educational opportunities.
  • Initial set of guiding principles for translational science developed by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS).
  • Education activities are being implemented to reach a broad audience interested in translational science.

Conclusions:

  • Capitalizing on collective translational science knowledge is crucial for advancing education.
  • New education approaches are needed to equip a diverse and skilled translational science workforce.
  • Dissemination of core translational science content to broad scientific audiences is a key goal.