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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression
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Pseudoprogression in lung cancer: a case report.

Giulia Meoni1, Nicola Libertà Decarli2, Maurizio Benucci3

  • 1Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, 50143 Florence, Italy.

Exploration of Targeted Anti-Tumor Therapy
|September 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study details a lung cancer patient experiencing pseudoprogression, a temporary tumor growth due to inflammation, after immunotherapy treatment. Despite initial worsening, the patient showed significant improvement and tumor response, highlighting atypical immunotherapy effects.

Keywords:
Non-small cell lung cancerimmunotherapykirsten rat sarcomaperformance statuspseudoprogression

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has transformed cancer treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Unlike traditional therapies, immunotherapy can induce atypical tumor response patterns.
  • Pseudoprogression (PP) is a recognized atypical response characterized by transient tumor enlargement due to inflammatory infiltrates.

Observation:

  • A case study of a lung adenocarcinoma patient treated with pembrolizumab is presented.
  • The patient exhibited an early, symptomatic pseudoprogression with a severe decline in performance status (PS).
  • Following this initial decline, a remarkable improvement in the patient's general condition and a significant tumor response were observed.

Findings:

  • This case illustrates a symptomatic pseudoprogression in NSCLC following pembrolizumab therapy.
  • The patient's experience underscores the potential for dramatic, albeit temporary, worsening of PS during pseudoprogression.
  • Subsequent tumor re-biopsy aimed to confirm PP and analyze immunotherapy-induced microenvironment modifications.

Implications:

  • Recognizing pseudoprogression is crucial for accurate interpretation of treatment response in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.
  • Symptomatic pseudoprogression, though rare, requires careful management to avoid misinterpreting treatment failure.
  • Understanding the immunological mechanisms behind pseudoprogression can refine treatment strategies and patient monitoring in NSCLC.