A Selective Reduction of Osteosarcoma by Mitochondrial Apoptosis Using Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Hongfeng Wu1,2, Shuo Liu1,2, Siyu Chen1,2
1National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
International Journal of Nanomedicine
|September 1, 2022
Summary
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) show promise for osteosarcoma therapy, with effectiveness varying by nanoparticle shape and size. HANPs induce cancer cell death through mitochondrial apoptosis, offering a targeted treatment strategy.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Oncology
Background:
- Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) are increasingly explored for tumor therapy due to their selective suppression of tumor cell growth and low toxicity to normal cells.
- This selectivity makes HANPs a promising candidate for developing novel cancer treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-osteosarcoma (OS) efficacy of HANPs with varying morphologies and particle sizes.
- To evaluate the performance of HANPs against human OS 143B and rat OS UMR106 cell lines.
Main Methods:
- Six types of HANPs with different morphologies and sizes were synthesized using a wet chemical method.
- Antitumor effects were assessed through in vitro cell experiments and in vivo studies using tumor-bearing mice.
- Mechanisms investigated included intracellular calcium levels, apoptosis-related gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and particle endocytosis efficiency.
Main Results:
- HANP effectiveness against OS cells was dependent on concentration, morphology, particle size, and OS cell line.
- Rod-like HANPs (R-HANPs) were most effective against 143B cells, while needle-like HANPs (N-HANPs) were most effective against UMR106 cells.
- HANPs induced mitochondrial apoptosis by increasing intracellular Ca2+, upregulating apoptosis-related genes, and depolarizing mitochondrial membranes in tumor cells, with efficacy linked to endocytosis, oxidative damage, and immunogenic cell death (ICD).
Conclusions:
- HANP effectiveness in osteosarcoma therapy is significantly influenced by nanoparticle morphology and the specific cancer cell line.
- This study presents a tunable strategy for osteosarcoma treatment using HANPs, highlighting the importance of tailoring nanoparticle characteristics to the target cell type.
