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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Human Brain Modulation – Optimized Protocols for Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation Experiments
Published on: June 28, 2024
Transcranial ultrasound simulations: A review
Célestine Angla1, Benoit Larrat2, Jean-Luc Gennisson3
1Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, Palaiseau, France.
Abstract:
Transcranial ultrasound is more and more used for therapy and imaging of the brain. However, the skull is a highly attenuating and aberrating medium, with different structures and acoustic properties among samples and even within a sample. Thus, case-specific simulations are needed to perform transcranial focused ultrasound interventions safely. In this article, we provide a review of the different methods used to model the skull and to simulate ultrasound propagation through it.
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