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[Dysnatremias and their association with morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID- 19]

Francisco Javier Núñez-Martínez1, Karla Orozco-Juárez2, Alejandro de Jesús Chávez-Lárraga1

  • 1Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional del Bajío, Hospital de Especialidades No.1, Servicio de Medicina Interna. León, Guanajuato, México.

Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social
|September 1, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Hypernatremia in COVID-19 patients predicts higher mortality and increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Early risk stratification is crucial for managing severe cases.

Area of Science:

  • Medical research
  • Clinical epidemiology
  • Infectious diseases

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Risk stratification for hospitalized COVID-19 patients is essential for identifying those at high risk of morbidity and mortality.
  • Dysnatremia (abnormal sodium levels) has emerged as a relevant predictor of mortality in COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between dysnatremia and 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients.
  • To examine the secondary associations of dysnatremia with hospital stay duration, need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and acute kidney injury (AKI).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, descriptive, and analytical cohort study was conducted.
  • Included were 722 consecutive patients aged 16 years or older diagnosed with COVID-19 via positive PCR.
  • Data were collected from patients admitted to a third-level hospital between March 2020 and March 2021.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of dysnatremia was 2.49% for hypernatremia and 21.19% for hyponatremia.
  • Hypernatremia, after glucose correction, was significantly associated with higher mortality (OR 3.446).
  • Hypernatremia also correlated with an increased probability of AKI (OR 2.985) and a greater requirement for IMV (OR 1.945).

Conclusions:

  • Hypernatremia in COVID-19 patients is linked to increased mortality.
  • Hypernatremia is also associated with a higher risk of developing AKI during hospitalization.
  • Patients with hypernatremia had a greater likelihood of requiring IMV.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute Kidney InjuryCOVID-19HypernatremiaHyponatremiaMortalitySodium

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