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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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In redox reactions, the transfer of electrons occurs between reacting species. Electron transfer is described by a hypothetical number called the oxidation number (or oxidation state). It represents the effective charge of an atom or element, which is assigned using a set of rules.
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Original Experimental Approach for Assessing Transport Fuel Stability
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The human oxidation field.

Nora Zannoni1, Pascale S J Lakey2, Youngbo Won3

  • 1Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human skin exposed to ozone generates high concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) radicals, creating an indoor oxidation field. This finding impacts indoor air quality and human health.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Indoor Air Quality

Background:

  • Hydroxyl (OH) radicals are key oxidants of atmospheric pollutants.
  • Previous research has not fully characterized human-induced OH radical generation indoors.
  • Ozone exposure is common in indoor environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generation of OH radicals from human exposure to ozone.
  • To quantify OH radical concentrations and understand their formation mechanism.
  • To model the spatial extent and influencing factors of human-induced OH fields.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled climate chamber experiments exposing humans to ozone.
  • Measurement of total OH reactivity, alkenes, and oxidation products.
  • Comparison of experimental data with a chemically explicit model.
  • Dynamic modeling to assess the spatial distribution of OH radicals.

Main Results:

  • High concentrations of OH radicals were observed during human-ozone exposure.
  • 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (6-MHO), formed from ozone-squalene reaction, was identified as a key OH precursor.
  • Experimental OH concentrations aligned with model predictions.
  • Human-generated OH fields were shown to depend on ozone influx.

Conclusions:

  • Human skin actively generates OH radicals when exposed to ozone.
  • This process creates a localized oxidation field with implications for indoor chemistry.
  • Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for assessing indoor chemical lifetimes and human health impacts.