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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
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Cell-type profiling in salamanders identifies innovations in vertebrate forebrain evolution.

Jamie Woych1, Alonso Ortega Gurrola1,2, Astrid Deryckere1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The evolution of vertebrate forebrains involved distinct developments: the mammalian neocortex and the sauropsid dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR). Salamander brain analysis reveals ancestral origins of the DVR and distinct dorsal pallium features, clarifying these cognitive innovations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Comparative Anatomy

Background:

  • Advanced cognition in vertebrates evolved through two main forebrain innovations: the mammalian neocortex and the sauropsid dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR).
  • The evolutionary origins of these structures in early tetrapod ancestors are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconstruct the evolution of the tetrapod telencephalon.
  • To investigate the ancestral state of forebrain structures that led to the mammalian neocortex and sauropsid DVR.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a comprehensive cell-type atlas of the salamander (Pleurodeles waltl) telencephalon.
  • Integration of molecular, developmental, and connectivity data.
  • Comparative analysis with mammalian and sauropsid forebrain structures.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests that components of the sauropsid DVR have deep evolutionary roots in tetrapod ancestors.
  • The salamander dorsal pallium lacks mammalian neocortex features but shows similarities to the mammalian entorhinal cortex and subiculum.
  • This study provides insights into the distinct evolutionary trajectories of the neocortex and DVR.

Conclusions:

  • The findings illuminate the evolutionary pathways leading to the mammalian neocortex and the sauropsid DVR.
  • Understanding salamander brain evolution helps clarify the deep history of vertebrate forebrain organization and cognitive evolution.