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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management01:29

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management

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Assessment: Nursing management of patients with cardiomyopathy begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's history, including a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death, personal history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and any alcohol consumption or drug use.During the physical examination, assess vital signs, look for signs of heart failure (such as edema, jugular venous distention, and cyanosis), auscultate for abnormal heart sounds (like murmurs and gallops),...
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Disorder of Water Balance01:29

Disorder of Water Balance

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Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
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Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

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Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

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60-year-old Female with Edema.

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  • 1University of Maryland Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

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|September 1, 2022
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Summary

This case highlights the diagnostic challenges in emergency medicine when patients present with nonspecific, acute-on-chronic complaints. A thorough evaluation is crucial for identifying serious underlying pathology in decompensated patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Internal Medicine
  • Diagnostic Challenges

Background:

  • Patients frequently present to the emergency department (ED) with nonspecific, acute-on-chronic complaints.
  • Effective management necessitates a comprehensive diagnostic approach and a broad differential diagnosis.
  • Identifying serious, undiagnosed pathology is critical in these presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the diagnostic process for a patient with acute-on-chronic complaints presenting in a decompensated state.
  • To emphasize the importance of a thorough evaluation in the emergency department.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of a 60-year-old female.
  • Detailed evaluation of symptoms including bilateral lower extremity swelling, abdominal distension, ascites, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss.

Main Results:

  • The case demonstrates the complexity of diagnosing patients with overlapping acute and chronic symptoms.
  • The evaluation process for a decompensated patient in the ED is detailed.

Conclusions:

  • This case underscores the need for a systematic approach to patients with nonspecific complaints in the ED.
  • Effective diagnosis and management of decompensated patients require careful consideration of multiple potential pathologies.