Insulin-like growth factor-1 is involved in the deteriorated performance of aged laying hens

The underlying mechanism behind the deteriorated laying performance of aged laying hens remains unclear. In the present study, the laying performance and gene expression along the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis were determined. A total of 300 healthy 90-wk-old ISA hens with similar body weights were classified into three groups according to their laying rate between 90 and 94 wk of age. The experimental groups were the low laying rate (<60%, LLR), high laying rate (>85%, HLR), and intermediate laying rate (60% < laying rate < 85%, MLR) hens. At the end of 94 wk of age, eight hens were randomly selected from each group for tissue collection. The gene expression of hormones and their receptors were determined in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and follicles. The results showed that the serum 17-β-estradiol had no significant difference among the three groups. However, the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in LLR hens was significantly decreased in the serum, small white follicles (SWF), and dominant follicles (DF, P < 0.05). Within the hypothalamus and small yellow follicles (SYF), the mRNA expression level of estrogen receptor was higher in the MLR group (P < 0.05). Compared with HLR hens, the steroid hormone-synthesis key gene, CYP19A1 was significantly decreased in the SWF of MLR-hens and DF of MLR- and LLR-hens (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression level of IGF1 receptor was higher in the hypothalamus, pituitary, SWF, large white follicles (LWF), SYF, and DF of LLR hens, compared to the HLR hens (P < 0.05). These results suggest that decreased IGF1 in serum and follicles was associated with the decreased egg production of aged laying hens. The present study provides novel insights into the endocrine changes in aged hens having different egg production.