You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Localizing Function-specific Targets for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Absence of Navigation Equipment
Published on: May 23, 2025
Timothy Holloway1, James L Leach2, Jeffrey R Tenney3
1Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) shows moderate accuracy for pre-surgical language mapping compared to electrical stimulation mapping (ESM). However, due to heterogeneity and confidence intervals near the line of no effect, fMRI alone is not yet sufficient for guiding neurosurgical decisions.
Area of Science:
Background:
Approach:
Key Points:
Conclusions: