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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

An Orthotopic Endometrial Cancer Model with Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy Made From In Vivo Propagated and Cultured VX2 Cells
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COX2 Effects on endometrial carcinomas progression.

M Lyndin1, O Kravtsova1, K Sikora2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|September 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) is elevated in endometrial cancer (EC) tissues, correlating with tumor progression. Targeting COX2 may offer new therapeutic strategies for EC patients.

Keywords:
COX2CarcinomasClear-cell endometrial carcinomaEndometrioid endometrial carcinomasSerous endometrialUterine cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Cancer Biology

Background:

  • Endometrial cancer (EC) is a common gynecologic malignancy, with endometrioid, serous, and clear-cell subtypes.
  • Current immunohistochemical markers aid in predicting EC progression, but novel indicators are needed for therapeutic targeting.
  • Cyclooxygenases (COXs), particularly COX2, are potential candidates for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in EC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and role of COX2 in different subtypes of endometrial cancer.
  • To correlate COX2 expression with tumor histological features, differentiation, and other key molecular markers.
  • To explore the potential of COX2 as a therapeutic target in endometrial cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of COX2, ER, PR, Ki-67, EGFR, p53, Bcl-2, VEGF, MMP1, CD31, and CD163 in 50 EC cases and 10 normal endometrial tissues.
  • Categorization of EC cases into endometrioid (EEC), serous (SEC), and clear-cell (CCEC) subtypes.
  • Statistical analysis to determine correlations between COX2 levels and clinicopathological/molecular features.

Main Results:

  • COX2 expression was significantly elevated in EC tissues compared to normal endometrium.
  • Elevated COX2 levels correlated with increased tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, enhanced VEGF expression, increased microvessel density, and M2 macrophage infiltration.
  • COX2 expression was associated with decreased progesterone receptor (PR) expression and varied with tumor histological type and differentiation, but was independent of patient age and FIGO stage.

Conclusions:

  • COX2 is upregulated in endometrial cancer and associated with aggressive tumor characteristics.
  • COX2 expression is linked to angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration, suggesting its role in EC progression.
  • Targeting COX2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for endometrial cancer.