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How Useful Are Digital Health Terms for Outcomes Research? An ISPOR Special Interest Group Report
Anita Burrell1, Zsombor Zrubka2, Annette Champion3
1Anita Burrell Consulting, Flemington, NJ, USA.
Summary
This review clarifies definitions for digital health, electronic health, mobile health, and telehealth. Standardized terminology is crucial for health outcomes research.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Digital Health Research
- Health Outcomes Research
Background:
- Definitions of digital health and related terms are varied and evolving.
- Understanding these definitions is critical for consistent health outcomes research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and summarize definitions of digital health, electronic health, mobile health, and telehealth/telemedicine.
- To assess the relevance of these definitions for health outcomes research.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and EconLit (January 2015–May 2020).
- Included systematic reviews with digital health terms and definition synonyms.
- Text analysis using word clouds and document frequency-inverse corpus frequency scores.
Main Results:
- 134 full-text articles yielded 142 unique definitions across four umbrella terms.
- Digital health (4), electronic health (36), mobile health (50), and telehealth/telemedicine (52) definitions were analyzed.
- Significant overlap in characteristic words was found despite evolving and new definitions.
Conclusions:
- Umbrella terms require specific Medical Subject Headings for focused outcomes research.
- A functional classification system is needed for standardized digital health intervention terminology.
- Standardized terms should denote patient-level effects and outcomes domains.
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