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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

HoChong Gilles1, Tonora Garbutt1, Jasmine Landrum1

  • 1Central Virginia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd (111N), Richmond, VA 23249, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a primary liver cancer, is diagnosed using advanced imaging. Treatment options range from curative surgeries and transplants to palliative therapies, with outcomes depending on stage, grade, and cirrhosis severity.

Keywords:
CirrhosisHepatocellular carcinomaIntraarterial therapyLiver transplantationSurgical resectionSystemic therapyThermal ablation

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary liver malignancy often associated with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.
  • Patient survival in HCC is multifactorial, influenced by anatomic stage, biologic grade, and cirrhosis severity (the ABCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current diagnostic and therapeutic landscape for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • To highlight the importance of multidisciplinary consensus in managing complex HCC cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current imaging techniques for HCC diagnosis without biopsy.
  • Analysis of available curative and non-curative treatment modalities for HCC.
  • Emphasis on the role of multidisciplinary teams, including liver transplant centers, in treatment planning.

Main Results:

  • Improved imaging allows for accurate HCC diagnosis, often obviating the need for biopsy.
  • Surgical resection, liver transplantation, and thermal ablation offer potential cures for selected HCC patients.
  • Intra-arterial, radiation, and systemic therapies provide palliative options to slow disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • The management of HCC is complex and benefits significantly from a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Treatment decisions for HCC should consider anatomic stage, biologic grade, and cirrhosis severity.
  • Advances in diagnostics and therapeutics have improved outcomes for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.