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Intron size minimisation in teleosts.

Lars Martin Jakt1, Arseny Dubin2,3, Steinar Daae Johansen2

  • 1Faculty for bioscience and aquaculture, Nord University, Universitetsalléen 11, Bodoe, 8026, Norway. lars.m.jakt@nord.no.

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Teleost fish exhibit shorter, variable spliceosomal introns, deviating from ancestral vertebrate patterns. A subset of long introns persists, suggesting conserved functional roles across vertebrates.

Keywords:
Genome sizeIntron lengthTeleostVertebrate evolution

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Spliceosomal introns are non-coding sequences removed during RNA splicing.
  • Introns constitute a significant portion of vertebrate genomes, increasing transcriptional metabolic cost.
  • The evolutionary persistence of long introns suggests potential functional importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze intron length evolution in teleosts, a diverse vertebrate clade with compact genomes.
  • To investigate the characteristics and potential functions of long introns in teleosts.
  • To understand the relationship between genome size evolution and intron length variation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of intron lengths across 172 vertebrate genomes.
  • Statistical analysis of intron length distribution, variability, and bimodality in teleosts.
  • Identification of conserved sequences and gene regulatory roles for long introns.

Main Results:

  • Teleost intron lengths are short, highly variable, and bimodally distributed.
  • Long teleost introns are also found in mammals and are enriched in regulatory genes.
  • Intron length reduction in teleosts occurred in a non-random, parallel manner, deviating from the ancestral state.

Conclusions:

  • Teleost intron size evolution is accelerated and characterized by two distinct length classes.
  • Small teleost genomes are dominated by short introns, largely driven by genome size evolution.
  • A conserved subset of long introns likely possesses functional roles across vertebrate evolution.