Fabrication of Lithium Indolide and Derivates for Ion Conduction

The development of ionic conductors as solid-state electrolytes to replace the widely used liquid electrolytes could effectively solve the safety issues as well as enhance the energy density of batteries. Yet no ionic conductors to date could meet all the criteria of solid-state electrolytes for practical applications. Therefore, exploration of new materials is highly demanded. Herein, a new type of metalorganic-based materials, namely, lithium indolide and its tetrahydrofuran (THF)-coordinated derivatives, are developed and employed as fast ionic conductors. Their crystal structures are also determined. Particularly, the lithium indolide ditetrahydrofuran shows ionic conductivities of 6.28 × 10^-6 and 8.27 × 10^-4 S cm^-1 at 110 and 150 °C, respectively. A "neutral ligand-assisted" cation migration mechanism is proposed, where the migration of Li⁺ may be facilitated by the dynamic equilibrium of the neutral ligand and the large sized anions. The present idea of using metalorganic compounds coordinated with neutral ligands for fast ionic conductors provides vast opportunities for discovering new solid-state electrolytes in the future thanks to the rich chemistry of organic anions and ligands.