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Rate Law and Reaction Order02:33

Rate Law and Reaction Order

9.7K
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
rate = k[A]m[B]n
[A] and [B] represent the molar concentrations of reactants, and k is the rate...
9.7K
Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

33.3K
Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
The concept of rate-determining step can be understood from the analogy of a 4-lane freeway with a short-stretch of traffic-bottleneck caused due to...
33.3K
Determining Order of Reaction02:53

Determining Order of Reaction

57.0K
Rate laws describe the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. In a rate law, the rate constant k and the reaction orders are determined experimentally by observing how the rate of reaction changes as the concentrations of the reactants are changed. A common experimental approach to the determination of rate laws is the method of initial rates. This method involves measuring reaction rates for multiple experimental trials carried out using...
57.0K
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

35.8K
While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
35.8K
Concentration and Rate Law03:03

Concentration and Rate Law

32.0K
The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
32.0K
Predicting Reaction Outcomes02:24

Predicting Reaction Outcomes

8.6K
Kinetics describes the rate and path by which a reaction occurs. In contrast, thermodynamics deals with state functions and describes the properties, behavior, and components of a system. It is not concerned with the path taken by the process and cannot address the rate at which a reaction occurs. Although it does provide information about what can happen during a reaction process, it does not describe the detailed steps of what appears on an atomic or a molecular level. On the other hand,...
8.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 30, 2025

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography
10:18

Dynamic Pore-scale Reservoir-condition Imaging of Reaction in Carbonates Using Synchrotron Fast Tomography

Published on: February 21, 2017

8.6K

Relating Darcy-Scale Chemical Reaction Order to Pore-Scale Spatial Heterogeneity.

Po-Wei Huang1, Bernd Flemisch2, Chao-Zhong Qin3

  • 1Geothermal Energy and Geofluids Group, Institute of Geophysics, Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Transport in Porous Media
|September 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial heterogeneity in porous media significantly impacts mineral dissolution rates. This study quantifies this effect using a Darcy-scale reaction order, enabling inference of heterogeneity from flow experiments.

Keywords:
Mineral dissolutionReaction rate lawReactive transportUpscaling

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Reservoir Condition Pore-scale Imaging of Multiple Fluid Phases Using X-ray Microtomography
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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Hydrogeology
  • Porous Media Science

Background:

  • Mineral dissolution rates vary with measurement scale due to spatial scaling effects.
  • Pore-scale heterogeneity in porous media is a key factor influencing these scale-dependent rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how pore-scale spatial heterogeneity affects mineral dissolution rates at the Darcy scale.
  • To develop a mechanistic explanation and a constitutive relation for reactive transport modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the bundle-of-tubes model as an analogy for porous media.
  • Developed analytical solutions to relate pore-scale heterogeneity to Darcy-scale reaction order.
  • Simulated flow-through experiments to test the derived constitutive relation.

Main Results:

  • The Darcy-scale reaction order increases with decreasing statistical similarity between pore sizes and effective-surface-area ratio.
  • The proposed constitutive relation accurately models solute breakthrough curves in simulations.
  • Mineral spatial heterogeneity can be quantified using the Darcy-scale reaction order.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a mechanistic link between pore-scale heterogeneity and macroscopic dissolution rates.
  • The derived constitutive relation offers a novel approach for reactive transport modeling at the Darcy scale.
  • Measured solute concentrations in flow experiments can be used to infer mineral spatial heterogeneity in porous media.