Cervical verrucous cancer misdiagnosed with verrucous hyperplasia: A case report

There are many different variants of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a rare and highly differentiated SCC. Due to its preference of local invasion, regional lymphatic involvement rarely occurs. VC is difficult to diagnose using conventional pap smear or cervical punch biopsy, in which adequate stroma including bulbous rete pegs is required for a definitive diagnosis. Surgical management is recommended as the first-line treatment with radiotherapy forbidden due to the risk of anaplastic transformation.

We presented a 59-year-old Taiwanese female who had postmenopausal bleeding for three months with two consecutive normal pap smear and biopsy at other hospital. Pelvic examination showed a necrotic fungating cervical mass with upper 1/3 vaginal involvement. Colposcopic guided cervical biopsy and fractional dilatation and curettage revealed verrucous hyperplasia (VH) with negative high-risk HPV typing. Pelvic 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was arranged, and a 3.7 × 3.6 × 4.0 cm necrotic mass at the cervix with an enlarged left pelvic lymph node was found. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) demonstrated avid uptake at the cervix and left pelvic lymph node. Surgical intervention was performed due to highly suspicious of cervical verrucous carcinoma with positive pelvic lymph node. The final pathologic report was a well-differentiated verrucous carcinoma, IIA2 by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification.

VC is difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and surgical excision is recommended as the first-line treatment.