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Related Concept Videos

Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Protein-protein Interfaces

Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a polypeptide...
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Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

Pathogenic bacteria employ a variety of strategies to establish infections, including the secretion of extracellular enzymes that act as potent virulence factors. These enzymes facilitate bacterial colonization of host tissues and help evade immune surveillance. By targeting structural components of host tissues and interfering with immune mechanisms, these enzymes play a pivotal role in disease progression.Extracellular Enzymes Facilitating Tissue Invasion: Several bacterial pathogens secrete...
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A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions
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Host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions: A comprehensive review.

Anuja Jain1, Shikha Mittal1,2, Lokesh P Tripathi3,4

  • 1School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
|September 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Host cells detect pathogen nucleic acids using Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). Understanding these interactions is key for developing new drugs targeting host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions (HP-PNI).

Keywords:
Drug designHost pathogen interactionsImmunological responseProtein-nucleic acid interactionsStructural biologyToll-like receptors

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Host cells possess innate immune mechanisms to recognize pathogen-derived nucleic acids, crucial for initiating defense responses.
  • Pathogen-specific pharmacology increasingly focuses on the intricate interactions between microbial nucleic acids and host proteins.
  • Understanding the structural and immunological basis of these interactions is vital for therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the study of molecular interactions involving pathogen nucleic acids and host factors.
  • To explore the drug design, molecular structure, and specific patterns of these interactions.
  • To highlight the roles of key host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions (HP-PNI) in host defense and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on host-pathogen nucleic acid recognition pathways.
  • Analysis of structural and immunological data for key nucleic acid-sensing molecules.
  • Discussion of challenges and opportunities in leveraging HP-PNI for drug discovery.

Main Results:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are central to host responses to pathogen nucleic acids.
  • Cytosolic factors like Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) and DNA-dependent Activator of Interferons (IFN) Regulatory Factor (DAI) also contribute to host defense.
  • Insights into target specificity, affinity, and molecular patterns of these interactions are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Host-pathogen protein-nucleic acid interactions (HP-PNI) are fundamental to innate immunity and represent promising targets for drug development.
  • Further research into the structural and functional aspects of these interactions can guide the design of novel therapeutics.
  • Overcoming challenges in HP-PNI research is essential for advancing pathogen-specific pharmacology.