Targeting cell-matrix interface mechanobiology by integrating AFM with fluorescence microscopy

Area of Science:

• Biophysics
• Cell Biology
• Biomaterials Science

Background:

• Mechanosensing at the cell-matrix interface is crucial for physiological processes, impacting tissue regeneration and disease progression.
• Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cell-environment interactions offers potential therapeutic targets.
• Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a key technology for probing these interactions at the nanoscale.

Approach:

• This review integrates findings from studies using AFM as a biomechanical testing tool with immunofluorescence (IF) imaging for in situ navigation.
• We examine research on the micromechanics of the pericellular matrix (PCM), particularly in articular cartilage.
• The review also covers cellular biomechanics and mechanotransduction, including ion channel-mediated sensing, cytoskeleton, and nucleus remodeling.

Key Points:

• Investigated pericellular matrix (PCM) micromechanics in healthy, diseased, and genetically modified tissues, focusing on articular cartilage.
• Summarized findings on cellular biomechanics and mechanotransduction, including transmembrane ion channel-mediated mechanosensing, cytoskeleton, and nucleus remodeling.
• Highlighted technical advancements integrating AFM with microscopy, FRAP, and tensile stretching for deeper mechanobiology insights.

Conclusions:

• The integration of AFM with complementary imaging techniques provides a powerful platform for studying mechanobiology.
• Advances in these integrated systems enhance our fundamental knowledge of extracellular matrix biomechanics and cell mechanobiology.
• This improved understanding is vital for the detection and intervention of various diseases, paving the way for better tissue regeneration strategies.