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Related Concept Videos

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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Immunohistochemical Visualization of Hippocampal Neuron Activity After Spatial Learning in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Mechanisms Underlying Circuit Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

David Exposito-Alonso1,2,3, Beatriz Rico1,2

  • 1Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Annual Review of Genetics
|September 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic variants impact brain circuits, leading to neurodevelopmental disorders. Research reviews synaptic and circuit mechanisms, exploring new interventions for early treatment.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disordersepilepsygenetic mutationsintellectual disabilityneurodevelopmental disordersneuronal circuitsschizophreniasynapses

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Genomic advances reveal numerous genetic variants linked to neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Mutations, both inherited and de novo, increasingly impact brain circuit function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synaptic and circuit mechanisms implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To discuss common synaptic disruptions and resulting cognitive/behavioral alterations.
  • To explore novel therapeutic approaches for critical developmental windows.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human studies and animal model research.
  • Analysis of genetic variant data and their impact on neural circuits.
  • Examination of findings on cognitive and behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in neural circuits, cell types, and regulatory pathways are key to neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Specific synaptic connections are commonly disrupted across different disorders.
  • Imbalances in neuronal circuits lead to significant alterations in cognition and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptic and circuit dysfunction are central to neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • New therapeutic strategies targeting critical developmental periods show promise.
  • Progress in biomarkers and clinical strategies facilitates early intervention and drug discovery.