Neuromuscular exercise in children with Down Syndrome: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Physical Therapy
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Therapeutic exercise parameters for Down syndrome are unclear.
• Need for evidence on neuromuscular exercise effects on balance, strength, and flexibility in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

• Systematic review of neuromuscular exercise effectiveness for balance, muscle strength, and flexibility.
• Determine effective intervention parameters in Down syndrome population (6-18 years).

Main Methods:

• Systematic search of PubMed, PEDro, EMBASE, SCIELO, Lilacs, Cochrane Library (May-Dec 2021).
• Inclusion of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
• Analysis of intervention modes (mechanotherapy, vibration, unstable surfaces), frequency, duration, and intensity.

Main Results:

• Neuromuscular exercise increased chest and lower limb muscle strength (mean 8.51 kg and 21.54 kg, respectively).
• Improved balance observed with isokinetic training and core stability exercises.
• Positive effects noted in children over 8 years; no evidence found for children under 8 years.

Conclusions:

• Neuromuscular exercise is effective for improving muscle strength and balance in children with Down syndrome over 8 years old.
• Specific parameters like frequency (3-5 days/week), duration (6-15 min/session), and intensity (60-80% MVC) are associated with positive outcomes.
• Further research is needed for younger children (under 8 years).