Image copy-move forgery detection and localization based on super-BPD segmentation and DCNN

With the increasing importance of image information, image forgery seriously threatens the security of image content. Copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) is a greater challenge because its abnormality is smaller than other forgeries. To solve the problem that the detection results of the most image CMFD based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have relatively low accuracy, an image copy-move forgery detection and localization based on super boundary-to-pixel direction (super-BPD) segmentation and deep CNN (DCNN) is proposed: SD-Net. Firstly, the segmentation technology is used to enhance the connection between the same or similar image blocks, improving the detection accuracy. Secondly, DCNN is used to extract image features, replacing conventional hand-crafted features with automatic learning features. The feature pyramid is used to improve the robustness to the scaling attack. Thirdly, the image BPD information is used to optimize the edges of rough detected image and obtain final detected image. The experiments proved that the SD-Net could detect and locate multiple, rotated, and scaling forgery well, especially large-level scaling forgery. Compared with other methods, the SD-Net is more accurately located and robust to various post-processing operations: brightness change, contrast adjustments, color reduction, image blurring, JPEG compression, and noise adding.