Patent Ductus Arteriosus: A Contemporary Perspective for the Pediatric and Adult Cardiac Care Provider

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pediatric Cardiology
• Neonatology

Background:

• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) presents a substantial clinical burden.
• Significant differences exist in PDA presentation and management between preterm infants and older individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current understanding of PDA mechanisms, genetics, and clinical consequences.
• To provide recommendations for identifying research gaps in PDA diagnosis, management, and treatment.
• To offer a contemporary framework for evidence-based PDA care.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of existing literature on PDA.
• Analysis of hemodynamic profiles and clinical consequences across different age groups.
• Discussion of diagnostic and treatment thresholds.

Main Results:

• PDA burden is significant across all age groups, with variable hemodynamic consequences.
• Transcatheter closure is generally preferred over surgical ligation, but long-term data, especially for preterm infants, are limited.
• Gaps in PDA diagnosis and treatment necessitate further research.

Conclusions:

• Refined diagnostic criteria and expanded treatment options are crucial for managing PDA.
• Further research is needed to address fundamental unanswered questions in PDA care.
• This review provides a framework for pediatric and adult cardiac care providers to support evidence-based medicine.