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Updated: Aug 30, 2025

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

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Giant Cell Arteritis: A Case-Based Narrative Review of the Literature

Davis C Thomas1, Prisly Thomas2, Deep P Pillai2

  • 1Center for TMD and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA. davisct1@gmail.com.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|September 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), an inflammatory condition affecting large arteries, can cause headache and facial pain. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent vision loss and other complications.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Neurology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis affecting medium and large arteries.
  • It commonly presents with symptoms such as headache and facial pain, potentially leading to serious complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review Giant cell arteritis (GCA) in the context of headache and facial pain.
  • To highlight the importance of understanding GCA's etiology, pathophysiology, associated conditions, and differential diagnoses for effective management.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes information from a case presentation and current medical literature.
  • Focuses on clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and management strategies for GCA.

Main Results:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) should be considered in patients with unilateral facial/head pain and visual disturbances.
  • GCA is associated with comorbid conditions, including COVID-19 infection.
  • Prompt identification of the affected artery and treatment are essential to prevent permanent visual loss and other complications.

Conclusions:

  • An interdisciplinary approach is strongly recommended for managing Giant cell arteritis (GCA).
  • Early recognition and intervention are critical to mitigate the severe consequences of GCA.
Abstract

Keywords:
Artery biopsyFacial painGiant cell arteritis (GCA)Halo signTemporal arteritisVasculitis

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