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Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution.

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Technology-critical elements (TCEs) are emerging contaminants in the Rhine river. Sediment analysis reveals their widespread distribution and potential anthropogenic sources, highlighting concerns for environmental safety.

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Emerging contaminantsHeavy metal pollutionICP-MS/MSMultivariate statisticsPrincipal component analysisTrace metals

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Geochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Technology-critical elements (TCEs) are vital in modern devices but their environmental presence, distribution, and fate are poorly understood.
  • Short product lifespans and low recycling rates contribute to TCEs becoming emerging environmental contaminants.
  • The Rhine river catchment, with a history of significant anthropogenic impact, serves as a crucial study area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and distribution of TCEs in Rhine river sediments.
  • To identify potential sources and spatial patterns of TCEs within the catchment.
  • To assess the role of TCEs as emerging contaminants in this anthropogenically influenced environment.

Main Methods:

  • Collection and analysis of 57 sediment samples from the German Rhine and its tributaries.
  • Application of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis for spatial distribution and source identification.
  • Determination of elemental mass fractions and calculation of geoaccumulation indices (Igeo).

Main Results:

  • Enrichment of TCEs including Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta indicated by mass fractions and Igeo values.
  • Significant anthropogenic inputs identified for Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd.
  • Evidence suggests atmospheric deposition for Ge and In, and localized discharges for La and Sm near Worms.
  • TCEs exhibit similar behavior to classical heavy metals in statistical analyses.

Conclusions:

  • TCEs are present and enriched in Rhine river sediments, with both diffuse and point sources identified.
  • Anthropogenic activities are a major driver for TCE distribution and accumulation.
  • This study underscores the importance of monitoring TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.