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Related Concept Videos

The Neuromuscular Junction01:19

The Neuromuscular Junction

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The nervous system consists of complex motor neuron circuits, including upper motor neurons originating from the cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons starting in the spinal cord, coordinating both voluntary and involuntary movements. Among these, somatic motor neurons activate skeletal muscles and are classified into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Alpha neurons are vital for voluntary movement coordination, while gamma neurons adjust muscle spindle sensitivity, and the function of beta...
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Chemical Synapses01:26

Chemical Synapses

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Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
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Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles01:24

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Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
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Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Engineering and Characterization of an Optogenetic Model of the Human Neuromuscular Junction
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Essen transition model for neuromuscular diseases.

Michael Fleischer1, Bayram Coskun1, Benjamin Stolte1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Science, University Medicine Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.

Neurological Research and Practice
|September 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Essen Transition Model improves care for young adults with neuromuscular diseases by structuring the transition from pediatric to adult medicine. This model ensures integrated treatment and enhances patient quality of life.

Keywords:
Duchenne muscular dystrophyInterdisciplinarityJuvenile myasthenia gravisLate-onset Pompe diseaseNeuromuscular diseasesThe concept of careTransition

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Increasing life expectancy in neuromuscular diseases necessitates expanded care for diverse manifestations.
  • Adolescent and young adult care requires enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration within specialized centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a structured transition process from pediatric to adult care for patients with neuromuscular diseases.
  • To integrate disciplines efficiently and improve patient quality of life during care transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented a structured transition process at University Hospital Essen, Germany.
  • Utilized cross-department standard operating procedures for coordinated logistics, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
  • Conducted joint consultations for young patients and parents before age 17.
  • Established a quarterly transition board for interdisciplinary exchange and process optimization.
  • Developed a cross-department Transition Database for shared medical information.

Main Results:

  • The Essen Transition Model provides a framework for seamless care transfer.
  • Standardized procedures and joint consultations facilitate trust and continuity of care.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration and a shared database enhance treatment consistency.

Conclusions:

  • The Essen Transition Model effectively bridges the care gap for young neuromuscular disease patients.
  • It ensures successful treatment continuation into adulthood, improving overall patient outcomes.