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Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
Published on: August 23, 2018
Identification and Validation of Immune Markers in Coronary Heart Disease
Yuxiong Pan1, Jian Zhang2, Jin Li1
1Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Longyan First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian 364000, China.
Insights
This study reveals distinct immune and N6 adenosine (m6A) methylation patterns in coronary heart disease (CHD). These findings highlight the immune system's role in CHD and the correlation between m6A and immune genes, identifying potential biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
- Cardiovascular Disease Research
Background:
- Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an ischemic condition influenced by immune factors.
- Investigating unique immune and N6 adenosine (m6A) methylation patterns in CHD patients is crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate distinct immune cell populations and N6 adenosine (m6A) methylation patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
- To identify novel immune biomarkers for CHD.
Main Methods:
- Utilized CIBERSORT and ssGSEA to analyze immune cell infiltration.
- Applied Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify immune genes associated with CHD.
- Constructed and validated a machine learning-based prediction model using core immune genes; employed t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) for m6A classification.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in 22/28 immune-associated cells and 21 m6A-related genes were observed between CHD and normal groups.
- Proportions of activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were lower in CHD patients.
- Eight hub immune genes (PDGFRA, GNLY, OSMR, NUDT6, FGFR2, IL2RB, TPM2, S100A1) effectively distinguished CHD from normal groups; two distinct immune patterns were identified in CHD patients.
Conclusions:
- Distinct immune and N6 adenosine (m6A) methylation patterns are present in coronary heart disease (CHD).
- The immune system plays a significant role in CHD pathogenesis.
- N6 adenosine (m6A) methylation is correlated with immune genes, suggesting potential as therapeutic targets or biomarkers.
Background:
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an ischemic heart disease involving a variety of immune factors. This study was aimed at investigating unique immune and m6A patterns in patients with CHD by gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and at identifying novel immune biomarkers.
Methods:
The CIBERSORT algorithm and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) were applied to assess the population of specific infiltrating immunocytes. Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was utilized on immune genes matching CHD. A prediction model based on core immune genes was constructed and verified by a machine learning model. Unsupervised cluster analysis identified various immune patterns in the CHD group according to the abundance of immune cells. Methylation of N6 adenosine- (m6A-) related gene was identified from the literature, and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis was used to determine the rationality of the m6A classification. The association between m6A-related genes and various immune cells was estimated using heat maps.
Results:
22/28 immune-associated cells differed between the CHD and normal groups, and a significant difference was detected in the expression of 21 m6A-related genes. The proportion of immune-related cells (activated CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells) in the peripheral blood of the CHD group was lower than that of the normal group. The immune genes were divided into four modules, of which the turquoise modules showed a significant association with coronary heart disease. Eight hub immune genes (PDGFRA, GNLY, OSMR, NUDT6, FGFR2, IL2RB, TPM2, and S100A1) can well distinguish the CHD group from the normal group. Two different immune patterns were identified in the CHD group. Interestingly, a significant association was detected between the m6A-related genes and immune cell abundance.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we identified different immune and m6A patterns in CHD. Thus, it could be speculated that the immune system plays a crucial role in CHD, and m6A is correlated with immune genes.
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