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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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COVID-19 and diabetes-Two giants colliding: From pathophysiology to management

Maria Chiara Pelle1, Isabella Zaffina1, Michele Provenzano2

  • 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|September 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected individuals with diabetes. Understanding the complex mechanisms linking diabetes and severe COVID-19 outcomes is crucial for improving patient prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has strained global health systems.
  • High-risk populations, including individuals with diabetes, face severe illness and mortality.
  • While vaccines and therapies have emerged, understanding COVID-19's impact on diabetes remains critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms contributing to poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19 and diabetes.
  • To explore potential strategies for improving outcomes in this vulnerable patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Review of proposed mechanisms linking COVID-19 and diabetes.
  • Discussion of the role of insulin resistance, inflammation, and cytokine storm.
  • Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and its effect on hyperglycemia.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection exacerbates existing diabetic complications and increases mortality risk.
  • Insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and cytokine storm are key contributing factors.
  • Viral entry via ACE2 receptors on pancreatic beta cells may induce hyperglycemia, impacting both diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes involves complex pathophysiological pathways.
  • Targeting mechanisms like insulin resistance and inflammation may improve COVID-19 outcomes in diabetic patients.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective interventions for this high-risk population.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARSblood glucosediabetes mellituslifestyle

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