Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 29, 2025

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
12:12

Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 16, 2011

13.6K

Research progress on the mechanism of beta-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus

SuFang You1,2, JingYi Zheng2, YuPing Chen2

  • 1The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|September 5, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) involves pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. This review explores the mechanisms of beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM, aiming to inform new treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major global chronic metabolic disease.
  • Pancreatic beta-cell function deterioration is a hallmark of T2DM.
  • Beta-cell apoptosis is implicated in T2DM pathogenesis, but mechanisms remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current research status on the mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM.
  • To highlight recent progress in understanding beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM.
  • To offer novel insights for developing T2DM treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM.
  • Analysis of current research findings and proposed mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of information to identify knowledge gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Beta-cell apoptosis is a significant contributor to pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in T2DM.
  • Various molecular and cellular pathways are involved in T2DM-associated beta-cell apoptosis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for therapeutic development.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the precise mechanisms of beta-cell apoptosis in T2DM is warranted.
  • Elucidating these pathways may lead to targeted therapies for T2DM.
  • This review provides a foundation for future investigations into T2DM treatment.
Keywords:
apoptosisbeta-cellexosomesglucolipotoxicitymolecular mechanismsnon-coding RNAstype 2 diabetes

More Related Videos

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement09:36

Isolated Pancreatic Islet Treatment and Apoptosis Measurement

Published on: May 2, 2025

479
A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.2K

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.2K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
11.5K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
3.0K
Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

Insulin Secretory Vesicles

Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
5.2K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
2.7K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.4K