Minimally invasive surgery for pediatric renal and ureteric stones: A therapeutic update

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Urology
• Nephrology
• Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Pediatric urolithiasis (PU) incidence is rising worldwide.
• PU presents unique challenges due to abnormal metabolism, recurrence, and immature urinary systems.
• Effective stone removal and recurrence prevention are critical in pediatric stone management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a therapeutic update on surgical interventions for pediatric renal and ureteric stones.
• To highlight the importance of selecting optimal treatment modalities for complete stone removal and recurrence prevention.
• To emphasize the need for considering individual factors in pediatric stone treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of current surgical treatments for pediatric urolithiasis.
• Analysis of minimally invasive surgical options including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopy, retrograde intrarenal surgery, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
• Inclusion of laparoscopic, robot-assisted laparoscopic, and open surgery considerations.

Main Results:

• Various surgical interventions are available for pediatric urolithiasis, each with specific advantages and disadvantages.
• Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly important in managing pediatric kidney and ureteric stones.
• Technological advancements are leading to more refined treatment options.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric urologists must weigh the pros and cons of different surgical treatments for individual children.
• Personalized treatment plans are essential for achieving precise and effective management of pediatric urolithiasis.
• Future advancements in technology and instrumentation will further refine PU treatment strategies.