Non-coding RNAs to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation: A new trend in therapeutic cardiac regeneration

Area of Science:

• Biomedical research
• Regenerative medicine
• Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease (IHD), are leading global causes of death.
• IHD causes irreversible damage to cardiomyocytes, making myocardial regeneration a critical research area.
• The mammalian heart's regenerative capacity diminishes with age, unlike in embryonic/neonatal stages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in cardiomyocyte regenerative medicine.
• To elucidate the biological functions and mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in cardiomyocyte posttranscriptional regulation.
• To summarize the roles of ncRNAs in different species and explore therapeutic strategies for myocardial infarction.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent research on ncRNAs and cardiac regeneration.
• Analysis of biological functions and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs.
• Synthesis of data on species-specific ncRNA roles and therapeutic applications.

Main Results:

• Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are pivotal in regulating cardiomyocyte regeneration.
• Specific miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs influence posttranscriptional processes in cardiomyocytes.
• ncRNAs exhibit species-specific roles in cardiac repair and regeneration.

Conclusions:

• ncRNAs offer promising therapeutic targets for cardiomyocyte regeneration and treating myocardial infarction.
• Understanding ncRNA mechanisms is crucial for developing effective regenerative strategies.
• Targeting ncRNAs could restore the heart's regenerative potential after injury.