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Infective endocarditis: Epidemiology and prognosis.
Pedro Apolinário1, Isabel Campos2, Cátia Oliveira2
1USF Nova Mateus, ACES Marão e Douro Norte, Portugal.
Summary
Infective endocarditis (IE) epidemiology shifted towards older patients with cardiovascular disease. Despite treatment advances, mortality remains high, with septic shock and age being key predictors.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Infective endocarditis (IE) presents significant morbidity and mortality challenges.
- Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advancements, outcomes for IE remain poor.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze temporal shifts in the epidemiological profile of infective endocarditis.
- To identify short-term and long-term prognostic factors for IE patients.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 173 IE patients from 1998-2013.
- Comparison of two patient cohorts: 1998-2007 and 2008-2013.
- Identification of predictors for in-hospital events and long-term mortality.
Main Results:
- The IE patient profile evolved from younger intravenous drug users to older individuals with cardiovascular disease.
- Enterococcus became a more frequent pathogen in later years.
- Septic shock, peri-annular complications, advanced age, chronic kidney disease, and multidrug-resistant organisms predicted adverse outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Significant changes in IE epidemiology were observed over the study period.
- Valve surgery referrals saw a slight increase, yet overall mortality rates remained high.
- Prognostic factors highlight the need for targeted interventions in evolving IE populations.
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