In patients with CHD, a Mediterranean vs. low-fat diet reduced major CV events at 7 y

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Nutritional Science
• Preventive Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
• Secondary prevention strategies are vital to reduce recurrent cardiovascular events.
• Dietary interventions show promise in managing CVD risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the long-term efficacy of a Mediterranean diet versus a low-fat diet for secondary cardiovascular prevention.
• To assess the impact of these diets on major cardiovascular events and mortality.

Main Methods:

• The study was a randomized controlled trial (CORDIOPREV).
• Participants with established cardiovascular disease were assigned to either a Mediterranean diet or a low-fat diet.
• Long-term follow-up was conducted to record cardiovascular events.

Main Results:

• The Mediterranean diet group experienced a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events compared to the low-fat diet group.
• Specific benefits included fewer strokes and overall cardiovascular mortality in the Mediterranean diet group.
• Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with improved lipid profiles and reduced inflammation.

Conclusions:

• A long-term Mediterranean diet intervention is highly effective for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention.
• This dietary pattern offers significant benefits over a conventional low-fat diet for patients with existing heart conditions.
• Promoting the Mediterranean diet is a key strategy in public health for cardiovascular risk reduction.