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Author Spotlight: An Accurate and Quantitative Approach to Study Visual Feature Selectivity of the Optokinetic Reflex in Mice
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Action-based predictions affect visual perception, neural processing, and pupil size, regardless of temporal

Christina Lubinus1, Wolfgang Einhäuser2, Florian Schiller3

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Max-Planck-Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Grüneburgweg 14, Frankfurt am Main D-60322, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Str. 8, Marburg D-35039, Germany.

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Sensory attenuation, the reduced perception of self-generated stimuli, is primarily driven by motor predictions (efference copy), not temporal predictability. This finding highlights the brain

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Action perceptionSensorimotorSensory attenuationVisionfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Sensory Processing

Background:

  • Self-generated sensory stimuli are perceived as less intense than external stimuli, a phenomenon known as sensory attenuation.
  • This attenuation is often attributed to predictive mechanisms using motor commands (efference copy).
  • However, sensory attenuation has also been linked to temporal predictability, independent of motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate between motor predictability and temporal predictability in causing sensory attenuation of action consequences.
  • To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying sensory attenuation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To explore the role of pupil size changes in modulating sensory attenuation.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 25 participants judging visual stimulus brightness.
  • Experimental manipulation of temporal predictability: stimuli aligned with active button presses or passive cues versus delayed stimuli.
  • Eye tracking to monitor pupil size and ensure fixation, correlating pupil dynamics with neural responses.

Main Results:

  • Self-generated stimuli were perceived as darker and elicited reduced neural activation in visual areas compared to passive stimuli, confirming sensory attenuation.
  • This attenuation effect was independent of temporal predictability, suggesting a motor-based mechanism.
  • Larger pupil sizes during self-generated stimuli correlated negatively with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses in visual areas.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory attenuation in the visual cortex is predominantly driven by action-based predictive mechanisms (efference copy), not merely temporal predictability.
  • The observed pupil size changes may be linked to the neural mechanisms of sensory attenuation.
  • These findings underscore the critical role of efference copy in processing the sensory consequences of one's own actions.